Most of the linux administrator facing run out of disk space to store data and sometimes there is another request for them to create additional logical volume manager(LVM) for new system or to store data. It is possible to perform this task if that system administrator has the right skill on linux. Otherwise, they will put themselves and the organization in the disaster or risk as working with the system’s data is on of the most critical job that must be perform with the right steps and skills. In this post, i will show how to create additional LVM on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (RHEL 6) system. This step may apply to CentOS 6.0. CentOS 6.1 and CentOS 6.2.<\/p>\n
1. By typing the mount command with no arguments shows us all currently mounted filesystems<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# mount\n\/dev\/mapper\/VolGroup-lv_root on \/ type ext4 (rw)\nproc on \/proc type proc (rw)\nsysfs on \/sys type sysfs (rw)\ndevpts on \/dev\/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)\ntmpfs on \/dev\/shm type tmpfs (rw)\n\/dev\/sda1 on \/boot type ext4 (rw)\nnone on \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)\n<\/pre>\n2. Print the current partition table of the hard disk :<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# fdisk -l\n\nDisk \/dev\/sda: 12.9 GB, 12884901888 bytes\n255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 1566 cylinders\nUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisk identifier: 0x0000690f\n\n Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System\n\/dev\/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux\nPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.\n\/dev\/sda2 64 1567 12069888 8e Linux LVM\n\nDisk \/dev\/dm-0: 10.2 GB, 10242490368 bytes\n255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 1245 cylinders\nUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisk identifier: 0x00000000\n\nDisk \/dev\/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table\n\nDisk \/dev\/dm-1: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes\n255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 257 cylinders\nUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisk identifier: 0x00000000\n\nDisk \/dev\/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdb: 12.9 GB, 12884901888 bytes\n255 heads, 63 sectors\/track, 1566 cylinders\nUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\nDisk identifier: 0x00000000\n\nDisk \/dev\/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table\n<\/pre>\n3. Create new partition for \/dev\/sdb using below command :<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# fdisk \/dev\/sdb\nDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel\nBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1adc0629.\nChanges will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.\nAfter that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.\n\nWarning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)\n\nWARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to\n switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to\n sectors (command 'u').\n\nCommand (m for help): m\nCommand action\n a toggle a bootable flag\n b edit bsd disklabel\n c toggle the dos compatibility flag\n d delete a partition\n l list known partition types\n m print this menu\n n add a new partition\n o create a new empty DOS partition table\n p print the partition table\n q quit without saving changes\n s create a new empty Sun disklabel\n t change a partition's system id\n u change display\/entry units\n v verify the partition table\n w write table to disk and exit\n x extra functionality (experts only)\n\nCommand (m for help): n\nCommand action\n e extended\n p primary partition (1-4)\np\nPartition number (1-4): 1\nFirst cylinder (1-1566, default 1):\nUsing default value 1\nLast cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1566, default 1566):\nUsing default value 1566\n\nCommand (m for help): w\nThe partition table has been altered!\n\nCalling ioctl() to re-read partition table.\nSyncing disks.\n<\/pre>\n4. Convert this disk into a physical volume :<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# pvcreate \/dev\/sdb1\n Physical volume \"\/dev\/sdb1\" successfully created\n<\/pre>\nDisplay the physical volume :<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# pvdisplay\n --- Physical volume ---\n PV Name \/dev\/sda2\n VG Name VolGroup\n PV Size 11.51 GiB \/ not usable 3.00 MiB\n Allocatable yes (but full)\n PE Size 4.00 MiB\n Total PE 2946\n Free PE 0\n Allocated PE 2946\n PV UUID tzxpC7-70n1-OuUQ-kMfT-H627-VHAA-kroHvm\n\n \"\/dev\/sdb1\" is a new physical volume of \"12.00 GiB\"\n --- NEW Physical volume ---\n PV Name \/dev\/sdb1\n VG Name\n PV Size 12.00 GiB\n Allocatable NO\n PE Size 0\n Total PE 0\n Free PE 0\n Allocated PE 0\n PV UUID SoWQ5U-CmmA-tjIY-KDh0-H3gU-qVpa-tx4n6n\n<\/pre>\n5. With the physical volume created we now need to create new volume group for it. In this case i will give the volume group name VolGroup_rhel6 :<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# vgcreate VolGroup_rhel6 \/dev\/sdb1\n Volume group \"VolGroup_rhel6\" successfully created\n<\/pre>\nDisplay the volume group<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# vgdisplay\n --- Volume group ---\n VG Name VolGroup_rhel6\n System ID\n Format lvm2\n Metadata Areas 1\n Metadata Sequence No 1\n VG Access read\/write\n VG Status resizable\n MAX LV 0\n Cur LV 0\n Open LV 0\n Max PV 0\n Cur PV 1\n Act PV 1\n VG Size 11.99 GiB\n PE Size 4.00 MiB\n Total PE 3070\n Alloc PE \/ Size 0 \/ 0\n Free PE \/ Size 3070 \/ 11.99 GiB\n VG UUID mg2I2s-8u5l-Mjm7-oKrQ-yYJ3-yzaO-mq2u9v\n\n --- Volume group ---\n VG Name VolGroup\n System ID\n Format lvm2\n Metadata Areas 1\n Metadata Sequence No 3\n VG Access read\/write\n VG Status resizable\n MAX LV 0\n Cur LV 2\n Open LV 2\n Max PV 0\n Cur PV 1\n Act PV 1\n VG Size 11.51 GiB\n PE Size 4.00 MiB\n Total PE 2946\n Alloc PE \/ Size 2946 \/ 11.51 GiB\n Free PE \/ Size 0 \/ 0\n VG UUID uROlLN-3aef-Cb7G-rJ8W-EyY0-aDaf-TyeE5T\n<\/pre>\n6. Create logical volumes with the name of rhelvol into VolGroup_rhel6 volume group :<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# lvcreate --name rhelvol -l 100%FREE VolGroup_rhel6\n Logical volume \"rhelvol\" created\n<\/pre>\nDisplay logical volume :<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# lvdisplay\n --- Logical volume ---\n LV Name \/dev\/VolGroup_rhel6\/rhelvol\n VG Name VolGroup_rhel6\n LV UUID o3RQMB-O3Lu-TB2h-7pSm-A2kI-sh1W-rXb1Ce\n LV Write Access read\/write\n LV Status available\n # open 0\n LV Size 11.99 GiB\n Current LE 3070\n Segments 1\n Allocation inherit\n Read ahead sectors auto\n - currently set to 256\n Block device 253:2\n\n --- Logical volume ---\n LV Name \/dev\/VolGroup\/lv_root\n VG Name VolGroup\n LV UUID 1f4tl8-rCgZ-yI9J-xCsI-Hrh2-5DUS-DJF5N2\n LV Write Access read\/write\n LV Status available\n # open 1\n LV Size 9.54 GiB\n Current LE 2442\n Segments 1\n Allocation inherit\n Read ahead sectors auto\n - currently set to 256\n Block device 253:0\n\n --- Logical volume ---\n LV Name \/dev\/VolGroup\/lv_swap\n VG Name VolGroup\n LV UUID Kpw601-Wcvj-EM8b-FJnh-v2f6-5CqT-rV2JdT\n LV Write Access read\/write\n LV Status available\n # open 1\n LV Size 1.97 GiB\n Current LE 504\n Segments 1\n Allocation inherit\n Read ahead sectors auto\n - currently set to 256\n Block device 253:1\n<\/pre>\n7. Creating a file with the mke2fs command :<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# mke2fs -j \/dev\/VolGroup_rhel6\/rhelvol\n<\/pre>\n\n[root@rhel6 ~]# mke2fs -j \/dev\/VolGroup_rhel6\/rhelvol\nmke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)\nFilesystem label=\nOS type: Linux\nBlock size=4096 (log=2)\nFragment size=4096 (log=2)\nStride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks\n786432 inodes, 3143680 blocks\n157184 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user\nFirst data block=0\nMaximum filesystem blocks=3221225472\n96 block groups\n32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group\n8192 inodes per group\nSuperblock backups stored on blocks:\n 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208\n\nWriting inode tables: done\nCreating journal (32768 blocks): done\nWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done\n\nThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or\n180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.\n<\/pre>\n\n[root@rhel6 ~]# e2label \/dev\/VolGroup_rhel6\/rhelvol \/opt\n<\/pre>\n\n[root@rhel6 ~]# vi \/etc\/fstab\n<\/pre>\n\n#\n# \/etc\/fstab\n# Created by anaconda on Wed Jan 4 03:41:29 2012\n#\n# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '\/dev\/disk'\n# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and\/or blkid(8) for more info\n#\n\/dev\/mapper\/VolGroup-lv_root \/ ext4 defaults 1 1\n\/dev\/VolGroup_rhel6\/rhelvol \/opt ext4 defaults 1 1\nUUID=0e03e7c9-6971-4783-8fb9-fc251febf486 \/boot ext4 defaults 1 2\n\/dev\/mapper\/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0\ntmpfs \/dev\/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0\ndevpts \/dev\/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0\nsysfs \/sys sysfs defaults 0 0\nproc \/proc proc defaults 0 0\n<\/pre>\n\n[root@rhel6 \/]# mount \/opt\n<\/pre>\n\n[root@rhel6 \/]# df -h\nFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n\/dev\/mapper\/VolGroup-lv_root\n 9.4G 2.1G 6.9G 23% \/\ntmpfs 504M 0 504M 0% \/dev\/shm\n\/dev\/sda1 485M 29M 432M 7% \/boot\n\/dev\/mapper\/VolGroup_rhel6-rhelvol\n 12G 159M 12G 2% \/opt\n<\/pre>\nType the mount command with no arguments to shows the updated mounted filesystems. \/dev\/mapper\/VolGroup_rhel6-rhelvol now exist at the bottom :<\/p>\n
\n[root@rhel6 ~]# mount\n\/dev\/mapper\/VolGroup-lv_root on \/ type ext4 (rw)\nproc on \/proc type proc (rw)\nsysfs on \/sys type sysfs (rw)\ndevpts on \/dev\/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)\ntmpfs on \/dev\/shm type tmpfs (rw)\n\/dev\/sda1 on \/boot type ext4 (rw)\nnone on \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)\n\/dev\/mapper\/VolGroup_rhel6-rhelvol on \/opt type ext4 (rw)\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Most of the linux administrator facing run out of disk space to store data and sometimes there is another request for them to create additional logical volume manager(LVM) for new…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wds_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2055,1156,1002,2058],"tags":[1253,1536,1546,1554,1555,1556,1713,1715],"class_list":["post-2251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-centos","category-hard-disk","category-lvm","category-rhel","tag-centos-6-2","tag-linux","tag-linux-utilities","tag-logical-volume","tag-logical-volume-manager","tag-lvm","tag-rhel","tag-rhel-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webhostinggeeks.com\/howto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webhostinggeeks.com\/howto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webhostinggeeks.com\/howto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webhostinggeeks.com\/howto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webhostinggeeks.com\/howto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2251"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/webhostinggeeks.com\/howto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2251\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webhostinggeeks.com\/howto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webhostinggeeks.com\/howto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webhostinggeeks.com\/howto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webhostinggeeks.com\/howto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}